Funding & Acknowledgements

The data used in this analysis is from the Export Standardized Tables in the SEACAR Data Discovery Interface (DDI). Documents and information available through the SEACAR DDI are owned by the data provider(s) and users are expected to provide appropriate credit following accepted citation formats. Users are encouraged to access data to maximize utilization of gained knowledge, reducing redundant research and facilitating partnerships and scientific innovation.

With respect to documents and information available from SEACAR DDI, neither the State of Florida nor the Florida Department of Environmental Protection makes any warranty, expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose arising out of the use or inability to use the data, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

This report was funded in part, through a grant agreement from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Coastal Management Program, by a grant provided by the Office for Coastal Management under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views, statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the State of Florida, NOAA or any of their sub agencies.

Published: 2025-10-08

Threshold Filtering

Threshold filters, following the guidance of Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s (FDEP) Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration (DEAR) are used to exclude specific results values from the SEACAR Analysis. Based on the threshold filters, Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QAQC) Flags are inserted into the SEACAR_QAQCFlagCode and SEACAR_QAQC_Description columns of the export data. The Include column indicates whether the QAQC Flag will also indicate that data are excluded from analysis. No data are excluded from the data export, but the analysis scripts can use the Include column to exclude data (1 to include, 0 to exclude).

Continuous Water Quality threshold values
Parameter Name Units Low Threshold High Threshold
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L -0.000001 50
Dissolved Oxygen Saturation % -0.000001 500
Salinity ppt -0.000001 70
Turbidity NTU -0.000001 4000
Water Temperature Degrees C -5.000000 45
pH None 2.000000 14
Discrete Water Quality threshold values
Parameter Name Units Low Threshold High Threshold
Ammonia, Un-ionized (NH3) mg/L - -
Ammonium, Filtered (NH4) mg/L - -
Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin ug/L - -
Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin ug/L - -
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter PCU - -
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L -0.000001 25
Dissolved Oxygen Saturation % -0.000001 310
Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter QSE - -
Light Extinction Coefficient m^-1 - -
NO2+3, Filtered mg/L - -
Nitrate (NO3) mg/L - -
Nitrite (NO2) mg/L - -
Nitrogen, organic mg/L - -
Phosphate, Filtered (PO4) mg/L - -
Salinity ppt -0.000001 70
Secchi Depth m 0.000001 50
Specific Conductivity mS/cm 0.005000 100
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L - -
Total Nitrogen mg/L - -
Total Nitrogen mg/L - -
Total Phosphorus mg/L - -
Total Suspended Solids mg/L - -
Turbidity NTU - -
Water Temperature Degrees C 3.000000 40
pH None 2.000000 13
Quality Assurance Flags inserted based on threshold checks listed in Table 1 and 2
SEACAR QAQC Description Include SEACAR QAQCFlagCode
Exceeds maximum threshold 0 2Q
Below minimum threshold 0 4Q
Within threshold tolerance 1 6Q
No defined thresholds for this parameter 1 7Q

Value Qualifiers

Value qualifier codes included within the data are used to exclude certain results from the analysis. The data are retained in the data export files, but the analysis uses the Include column to filter the results.

STORET and WIN value qualifier codes

Value qualifier codes from STORET and WIN data are examined with the database and used to populate the Include column in data exports.

Value Qualifier codes excluded from analysis
Qualifier Source Value Qualifier Include MDL Description
STORET-WIN H 0 0 Value based on field kit determination; results may not be accurate
STORET-WIN J 0 0 Estimated value
STORET-WIN V 0 0 Analyte was detected at or above method detection limit
STORET-WIN Y 0 0 Lab analysis from an improperly preserved sample; data may be inaccurate

Discrete Water Quality Value Qualifiers

The following value qualifiers are highlighted in the Discrete Water Quality section of this report. An exception is made for Program 476 - Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Network and data flagged with Value Qualifier H are included for this program only.

H - Value based on field kit determiniation; results may not be accurate. This code shall be used if a field screening test (e.g., field gas chromatograph data, immunoassay, or vendor-supplied field kit) was used to generate the value and the field kit or method has not been recognized by the Department as equivalent to laboratory methods.

I - The reported value is greater than or equal to the laboratory method detection limit but less than the laboratory practical quantitation limit.

Q - Sample held beyond the accepted holding time. This code shall be used if the value is derived from a sample that was prepared or analyzed after the approved holding time restrictions for sample preparation or analysis.

S - Secchi disk visible to bottom of waterbody. The value reported is the depth of the waterbody at the location of the Secchi disk measurement.

U - Indicates that the compound was analyzed for but not detected. This symbol shall be used to indicate that the specified component was not detected. The value associated with the qualifier shall be the laboratory method detection limit. Unless requested by the client, less than the method detection limit values shall not be reported

Systemwide Monitoring Program (SWMP) value qualifier codes

Value qualifier codes from the SWMP continuous program are examined with the database and used to populate the Include column in data exports. SWMP Qualifier Codes are indicated by QualifierSource=SWMP.

SWMP Value Qualifier codes
Qualifier Source Value Qualifier Include Description
SWMP -1 1 Optional parameter not collected
SWMP -2 0 Missing data
SWMP -3 0 Data rejected due to QA/QC
SWMP -4 0 Outside low sensor range
SWMP -5 0 Outside high sensor range
SWMP 0 1 Passed initial QA/QC checks
SWMP 1 0 Suspect data
SWMP 2 1 Reserved for future use
SWMP 3 1 Calculated data: non-vented depth/level sensorcorrection for changes in barometric pressure
SWMP 4 1 Historical: Pre-auto QA/QC
SWMP 5 1 Corrected data

Water Column

The water column habitat extends from the water’s surface to the bottom sediments, and it’s where fish, dolphins, crabs and people swim! So much life makes its home in the water column that the health of marine and coastal ecosystems, as well as human economies, depend on the condition of this vulnerable habitat. Local patterns of rainfall, temperature, winds and currents can rapidly change the condition of the water column, while global influences such as El Niño/La Niña, large-scale fluctuation in sea temperatures and climate change can have long-term effects. Inputs from the prosperity of our day-to-day lives including farming, mining and forestry, and emissions from power generation, automobiles and water treatment can also alter the health of the water column. Acting alone or together, each input can have complex and lasting effects on habitats and ecosystems.


SEACAR evaluates water column health with several essential parameters. These include nutrient surveys of nitrogen and phosphorus, and water quality assessments of salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature. Water clarity is evaluated with Secchi depth, turbidity, levels of chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, and colored dissolved organic matter. Additionally, the richness of nekton is indicated by the abundance of free-swimming fishes and macroinvertebrates like crabs and shrimps.

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Analysis

Indicators must have a minimum of five to ten years, depending on the habitat, of data within the geographic range of the analysis to be included in the analysis. Ten years of data are required for discrete parameters, and five years of data are required for continuous parameters. If there are insufficient years of data, the number of years of data available will be noted and labeled as “insufficient data to conduct analysis”. Further, for the preferred Seasonal Kendall-Tau test, there must be data from at least two months in common across at least two consecutive years within the RCP managed area being analyzed. Values that pass both of these tests will be included in the analysis and be labeled as Use_In_Analysis = TRUE. Any that fail either test will be excluded from the analyses and labeled as Use_In_Analysis = FALSE. The points for all Water Column plots displayed in this section are monthly averages. Trend significance will be denoted as “Significant Trend” (when p < 0.05), or “Non-significant Trend” (when p >= 0.05). Any parameters with insufficient data to perform Seasonal Kendall-Tau test will have their monthly averages plotted without a corresponding trend line.

Water Quality - Discrete

The following files were used in the discrete analysis:

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Chlorophyll_a_corrected_for_pheophytin-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Chlorophyll_a_uncorrected_for_pheophytin-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Colored_dissolved_organic_matter_CDOM-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Dissolved_Oxygen-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Dissolved_Oxygen_Saturation-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_pH-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Salinity-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Secchi_Depth-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Total_Nitrogen-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Total_Phosphorus-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Total_Suspended_Solids_TSS-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Turbidity-2025-Sep-04.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Water_Temperature-2025-Sep-04.txt

Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, corrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, corrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Lab Significantly increasing trend 815 19 2003 - 2025 4.6458 0.2094 3.0122 0.1737 0.0015

Monthly average chlorophyll a, corrected for pheophytin, increased by 0.17 µg/L per year, indicating a decrease in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 716 2003 2025
540 125 2016 2020

Program names:

540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, uncorrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, uncorrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Lab Significantly increasing trend 684 19 2000 - 2025 5.7019 0.1111 6.0671 0.1635 0.0315

Monthly average chlorophyll a, uncorrected for pheophytin, increased by 0.16 µg/L per year, indicating a decrease in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 557 2003 2025
540 131 2016 2020
103 7 2000 2015
118 5 2000 2010
95 3 2018 2018

Program names:

95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network3
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX4
118 - National Aquatic Resource Surveys, National Coastal Condition Assessment5
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Colored Dissolved Organic Matter - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed CDOM (triangles) is included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed CDOM (triangles) is included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Colored Dissolved Organic Matter
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Lab Significantly increasing trend 550 10 2016 - 2025 14.365 0.2586 10.9993 1.5326 0.0096

Monthly average colored dissolved organic matter increased by 1.53 PCU per year, indicating a decrease in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Colored Dissolved Organic Matter
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 456 2020 2025
540 99 2016 2019

Program names:

540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Dissolved Oxygen - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only dissolved oxygen values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only dissolved oxygen values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Dissolved Oxygen
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Field Significantly decreasing trend 58119 35 1991 - 2025 6.2 -0.1694 6.3787 -0.017 0

Monthly average dissolved oxygen decreased by 0.02 mg/L per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Dissolved Oxygen
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 29888 1991 2025
69 20379 1991 2024
3001 6309 1991 2023
3013 1145 2003 2024
95 494 1996 2018
540 127 2016 2020
115 28 1994 1995
118 15 2000 2021
103 4 2015 2015

Program names:

69 - Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) Program6
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network3
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX4
115 - Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program7
118 - National Aquatic Resource Surveys, National Coastal Condition Assessment5
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
3001 - Lagoon Watch (Formerly Marine Discovery Center)8
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Dissolved Oxygen Saturation - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only dissolved oxygen saturation values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only dissolved oxygen saturation values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Dissolved Oxygen Saturation
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Field Significantly increasing trend 13694 35 1991 - 2025 69.327 0.3981 25.7772 1.2973 0

Monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation increased by 1.3% per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Dissolved Oxygen Saturation
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 6606 1991 2025
3001 6486 1991 2024
3013 608 2012 2024
95 5 2016 2018

Program names:

95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network3
3001 - Lagoon Watch (Formerly Marine Discovery Center)8
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

pH - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only pH values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only pH values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for pH
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Field Significantly decreasing trend 49288 36 1980 - 2025 8 -0.4627 8.2552 -0.0107 0

Monthly average pH decreased by 0.01 pH units per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for pH
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 22322 1995 2025
69 20384 1991 2024
3001 6078 1991 2024
3013 1157 2003 2024
95 454 1980 2018
540 119 2016 2020
115 22 1994 1995
103 4 2015 2015

Program names:

69 - Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) Program6
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network3
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX4
115 - Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program7
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
3001 - Lagoon Watch (Formerly Marine Discovery Center)8
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Salinity - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines are also shown. Discrete salinity values derived from grab samples analyzed in the field (circles) or the laboratory (triangles) are both included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines are also shown. Discrete salinity values derived from grab samples analyzed in the field (circles) or the laboratory (triangles) are both included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Salinity
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
All Significantly decreasing trend 61253 38 1972 - 2025 26 -0.2494 30.4304 -0.1726 0

Monthly average salinity decreased by 0.17 ppt per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Salinity
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 32639 1991 2025
69 20449 1991 2024
3001 6437 1991 2024
3013 1161 2003 2024
95 527 1972 2018
540 127 2016 2020
115 25 1994 1995
118 10 2015 2021

Program names:

69 - Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) Program6
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network3
115 - Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program7
118 - National Aquatic Resource Surveys, National Coastal Condition Assessment5
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
3001 - Lagoon Watch (Formerly Marine Discovery Center)8
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Secchi Depth - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average Secchi depth over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Secchi depth is only measured in the field (circles).
Scatter plot of monthly average Secchi depth over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Secchi depth is only measured in the field (circles).
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Secchi Depth
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Field Significantly decreasing trend 28587 35 1991 - 2025 -0.8 -0.1257 -0.7876 -0.0027 0.0004

Monthly average Secchi depth became deeper by less than 0.01 m per year, indicating an increase in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Secchi Depth
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
69 20285 1995 2024
3001 4198 1991 2024
5002 3132 2005 2025
3013 1167 2003 2024
103 14 1995 2015

Program names:

69 - Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) Program6
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX4
3001 - Lagoon Watch (Formerly Marine Discovery Center)8
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Total Nitrogen - Discrete

Total Nitrogen Calculation:

The logic for calculated Total Nitrogen was provided by Kevin O’Donnell and colleagues at FDEP (with the help of Jay Silvanima, Watershed Monitoring Section). The following logic is used, in this order, based on the availability of specific nitrogen components.

  1. TN = TKN + NO3O2;
  2. TN = TKN + NO3 + NO2;
  3. TN = ORGN + NH4 + NO3O2;
  4. TN = ORGN + NH4 + NO2 + NO3;
  5. TN = TKN + NO3;
  6. TN = ORGN + NH4 + NO3;

Additional Information:

  • Rules for use of sample fraction:
    • Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) report that if both “Total” and “Dissolved” components are reported, only “Total” is used. If the total is not reported, then the dissolved components are used as a best available replacement.
    • Total nitrogen calculations are done using nitrogen components with the same sample fraction, nitrogen components with mixed total/dissolved sample fractions are not used. In other words, total nitrogen can be calculated when TKN and NO3O2 are both total sample fractions, or when both are dissolved sample fractions. Future calculations of total nitrogen values may be based on components with mixed sample fractions.
  • Values inserted into data:
    • ParameterName = “Total Nitrogen”
    • SEACAR_QAQCFlagCode = “1Q”
    • SEACAR_QAQC_Description = “SEACAR Calculated”

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average total nitrogen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only nitrogen values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average total nitrogen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only nitrogen values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Total Nitrogen
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Lab Significantly decreasing trend 3268 29 1997 - 2025 0.6441 -0.332 0.7577 -0.0131 0

Monthly average total nitrogen decreased by 0.01 mg/L per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Total Nitrogen
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 3134 1997 2025
540 123 2016 2020
103 11 2000 2006

Program names:

103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX4
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Total Phosphorus - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average total phosphorus over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only phosphorus values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average total phosphorus over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only phosphorus values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Total Phosphorus
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Lab No significant trend 6601 29 1997 - 2025 0.054 0.0489 0.058 0.0001 0.2115

Total phosphorus showed no detectable trend between 1997 and 2025.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Total Phosphorus
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 6570 1997 2025
540 127 2016 2020
103 12 2000 2015

Program names:

103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX4
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Total Suspended Solids - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average total suspended solids (TSS) over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only TSS values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average total suspended solids (TSS) over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only TSS values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Total Suspended Solids
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Lab Significantly decreasing trend 3378 28 1997 - 2025 9 -0.3643 14.8492 -0.364 0

Monthly average total suspended solids decreased by 0.36 mg/L per year, indicating an increase in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Total Suspended Solids
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 3432 1997 2025

Program names:

5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Turbidity - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only turbidity values measured in the laboratory (triangles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only turbidity values measured in the laboratory (triangles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Turbidity
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Lab Significantly decreasing trend 14526 31 1995 - 2025 2.8 -0.1498 3.4949 -0.0257 0.0002

Monthly average turbidity decreased by 0.03 NTU per year, indicating an increase in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Turbidity
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 15094 1995 2025
3013 938 2004 2019
540 29 2019 2020
103 3 2005 2006
95 1 2008 2008

Program names:

95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network3
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX4
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Water Temperature - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only water temperature measurements taken in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only water temperature measurements taken in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Water Temperature
Activity Type Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
Field Significantly increasing trend 60359 37 1972 - 2025 25.5 0.2384 23.1204 0.0428 0

Monthly average water temperature increased by 0.04°C per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Water Temperature
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 33112 1991 2025
69 20453 1991 2024
3001 6463 1991 2024
3013 1153 2003 2024
95 509 1972 2018
540 127 2016 2020
115 25 1994 1995

Program names:

69 - Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) Program6
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network3
115 - Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program7
540 - Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program1
3001 - Lagoon Watch (Formerly Marine Discovery Center)8
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Water Quality - Continuous

The following files were used in the continuous analysis:

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Dissolved_Oxygen_NE-2025-Sep-19.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Dissolved_Oxygen_Saturation_NE-2025-Sep-19.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_pH_NE-2025-Sep-19.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Salinity_NE-2025-Sep-19.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Turbidity_NE-2025-Sep-19.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Water_Temperature_NE-2025-Sep-19.txt

Continuous monitoring locations in Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve

Station overview for Continuous parameters by Program
ProgramID ProgramLocationID Years of Data Use in Analysis Parameters
5005 IRDM 5 TRUE DO , DOS , pH , Sal , Turb , TempW

Program names:

5005 - Indian River Lagoon Aquatic Preserves Continuous Water Quality Monitoring10

Map showing continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. Sites marked as Use In Analysis (green) are featured in this report.
Map showing continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. Sites marked as Use In Analysis (green) are featured in this report.

Dissolved Oxygen - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Dissolved Oxygen - All Stations
Station Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
IRDM No significant trend 39746 5 2003 - 2007 6.5 0.15 6.38 0.16 0.47

No detectable change in monthly average dissolved oxygen was observed at one location.

Map showing location of dissolved oxygen continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of dissolved oxygen continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Dissolved Oxygen Saturation - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Dissolved Oxygen Saturation - All Stations
Station Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
IRDM No significant trend 39746 5 2003 - 2007 77.7 0.29 72.16 3.34 0.11

No detectable change in monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation was observed at one location.

Map showing location of dissolved oxygen saturation continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of dissolved oxygen saturation continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

pH - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for pH - All Stations
Station Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
IRDM No significant trend 38184 5 2003 - 2007 7.6 0.15 7.4 0.02 0.65

No detectable change in monthly average pH was observed at one location.

Map showing location of ph continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of ph continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Salinity - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Salinity - All Stations
Station Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
IRDM No significant trend 43791 5 2003 - 2007 3.9 0.45 -0.55 1.45 0.06

No detectable change in monthly average salinity was observed at one location.

Map showing location of salinity continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of salinity continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Turbidity - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Turbidity - All Stations
Station Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
IRDM No significant trend 39124 5 2003 - 2007 5 0.05 6.13 -1.11 0.88

No detectable change in monthly average turbidity was observed at one location.

Map showing location of turbidity continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of turbidity continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Water Temperature - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Water Temperature - All Stations
Station Statistical Trend Sample Count Years with Data Period of Record Median tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope p
IRDM No significant trend 43791 5 2003 - 2007 23.5 0.29 23.17 0.34 0.19

No detectable change in monthly average water temperature was observed at one location.

Map showing location of water temperature continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of water temperature continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Submerged Aquatic Vegetation

The data file used is: All_SAV_Parameters-2025-Sep-04.txt

Submerged aquatic vegetation (SAV) refers to plants and plant-like macroalgae species that live entirely underwater. The two primary categories of SAV inhabiting Florida estuaries are benthic macroalgae and seagrasses. They often grow together in dense beds or meadows that carpet the seafloor. Macroalgae include multicellular species of green, red and brown algae that often live attached to the substrate by a holdfast. They tend to grow quickly and can tolerate relatively high nutrient levels, making them a threat to seagrasses and other benthic habitats in areas with poor water quality. In contrast, seagrasses are grass-like, vascular, flowering plants that are attached to the seafloor by extensive root systems. Seagrasses occur throughout the coastal areas of Florida, including protected bays and lagoons as well as deeper offshore waters on the continental shelf. Seagrasses have taken advantage of the broad, shallow shelf and clear water to produce two of the most extensive seagrass beds anywhere in continental North America.

Parameters

Percent Cover measures the fraction of an area of seafloor that is covered by SAV, usually estimated by evaluating multiple small areas of seafloor. Percent cover is often estimated for total SAV, individual types of vegetation (seagrass, attached algae, drift algae) and individual species.

Frequency of Occurrence was calculated as the number of times a taxon was observed in a year divided by the number of sampling events, multiplied by 100. Analysis is conducted at the quadrat level and is inclusive of all quadrats (i.e., quadrats evaluated using Braun-Blanquet, modified Braun-Blanquet, and percent cover.”

Species

Turtle grass (Thalassia testudinum) is the largest of the Florida seagrasses, with longer, thicker blades and deeper root structures than any of the other seagrasses. It is considered a climax seagrass species.

Shoal grass (Halodule wrightii) is an early colonizer of vegetated areas and usually grows in water too shallow for other species except widgeon grass. It can often tolerate larger salinity ranges than other seagrass species. Shoal grass is characterized by thin, flat blades, that are narrower than turtle grass blades.

Manatee grass (Syringodium filiforme) is easily recognizable because its leaves are thin and cylindrical instead of the flat, ribbon-like form shared by many other seagrass species. The leaves can grow up to half a meter in length. Manatee grass is usually found in mixed seagrass beds or small, dense monospecific patches.

Widgeon grass (Ruppia maritima) grows in both fresh and salt water and is widely distributed throughout Florida’s estuaries in less saline areas, particularly in inlets along the east coast. This species resembles shoal grass in certain environments but can be identified by the pointed tips of its leaves.

Three species of Halophila spp. are found in Florida - Star grass (Halophila engelmannii), Paddle grass (Halophila decipiens), and Johnson’s seagrass (Halophila johnsonii). These are smaller, more fragile seagrasses than other Florida species and are considered ephemeral. They grow along a single long rhizome, with short blades. These species are not well-studied, although surveys are underway to define their ecological roles.

Notes

Star grass, Paddle grass, and Johnson’s seagrass will be grouped together and listed as Halophila spp. in the following managed areas. This is because several surveys did not specify to the species level:

  • Banana River Aquatic Preserve

  • Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve

  • Indian River-Vero Beach to Ft. Pierce Aquatic Preserve

  • Jensen Beach to Jupiter Inlet Aquatic Preserve

  • Loxahatchee River-Lake Worth Creek Aquatic Preserve

  • Mosquito Lagoon Aquatic Preserve

  • Biscayne Bay Aquatic Preserve

  • Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary

Maps showing the temporal scope of SAV sampling sites within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve by Program name.
Maps showing the temporal scope of SAV sampling sites within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve by Program name.

Click here to view spatio-temporal plots on GitHub.

Sampling locations by Program:

Map showing SAV sampling sites within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The point size reflects the number of samples at a given sampling site.
Map showing SAV sampling sites within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The point size reflects the number of samples at a given sampling site.
Program Information for Submerged Aquatic Vegetation
ProgramID N-Data YearMin YearMax method Sample Locations
3013 126887 1994 2024 Percent Cover 19
3013 149774 1994 2024 Percent Occurrence 19

Program names:

3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9
3013 - Seagrass (SJRWMD)9

Scatter plots of median percent cover of submerged aquatic vegetation over time by group. Plots for time series that included five or more years of observations show the estimated trend as a blue line.
Scatter plots of median percent cover of submerged aquatic vegetation over time by group. Plots for time series that included five or more years of observations show the estimated trend as a blue line.
Trends in median percent cover for various seagrass species in Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve - simplified
Trends in median percent cover for various seagrass species in Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve - simplified
Percent Cover Trend Analysis for Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve
CommonName Trend Significance (0.05) Period of Record LME-Intercept LME-Slope p
Drift algae Insufficient data to calculate trend - - - -
Shoal grass Significantly decreasing trend 1997 - 2024 32.8521341 -1.2960951 0.0000000
Halophila spp. No significant trend 1997 - 2024 0.5326841 -0.0051771 0.4708257
Widgeon grass No significant trend 1997 - 2024 0.2485512 -0.0116683 0.1026609
Manatee grass Significantly decreasing trend 1997 - 2024 5.7114019 -0.2407392 0.0044428
Turtle grass No significant trend 1997 - 2024 1.7773430 -0.0692777 0.0975863
Total SAV Significantly decreasing trend 1994 - 2024 40.9489597 -1.5875642 0.0000000
Total seagrass Insufficient data to calculate trend - - - -

Annual decreases in percent cover were observed for total SAV (-1.6%), manatee grass (-0.2%), and shoal grass (-1.3%). Halophila spp., turtle grass, and widgeon grass showed no detectable change in percent cover. Trends in percent cover could not be evaluated for total seagrass and drift algae due to insufficient data.

Frequency of occurrence for various seagrass species in Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve
Frequency of occurrence for various seagrass species in Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve

SAV Water Column Analysis

The following parameters are available for Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve within the SAV_WC_Report:

  • Chlorophyll a

  • Dissolved Oxygen

  • Dissolved Oxygen Saturation

  • pH

  • Salinity

  • Secchi Depth

  • Water Temperature

  • Total Nitrogen

  • Total Suspended Solids

  • Turbidity

Access the reports here: DRAFT_SAV_WC_Report_2024-11-20.pdf

Oyster

The data file used is: All_OYSTER_Parameters-2025-Sep-04.txt

Density

Natural

Scatter plot of oyster density over time. If the time series included five or more years with observations, an estimated trend (blue line) and a 95% credible interval (purple band) may also be plotted. Data points are jittered horizontally to reduce overlap.
Scatter plot of oyster density over time. If the time series included five or more years with observations, an estimated trend (blue line) and a 95% credible interval (purple band) may also be plotted. Data points are jittered horizontally to reduce overlap.
Model results for Oyster Density - Natural
Shell Type Habitat Type Trend Status Estimate Standard Error Credible Interval
Live Oysters Natural Significantly decreasing trend -130.86 278.08 -44.24 to -551.55

For natural reefs, density decreased by an average of 130.86 oysters per square meter per year.

Map showing location of oyster density sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of oyster density sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Percent Live

Natural

Scatter plot of percent live oysters over time. If the time series included five or more years with observations, an estimated trend (blue line) and a 95% credible interval (purple band) may also be plotted. Data points are jittered horizontally to reduce overlap.
Scatter plot of percent live oysters over time. If the time series included five or more years with observations, an estimated trend (blue line) and a 95% credible interval (purple band) may also be plotted. Data points are jittered horizontally to reduce overlap.
Model results for Oyster Percent Live - Natural
Shell Type Habitat Type Trend Status Estimate Standard Error Credible Interval
Live Oysters Natural Significantly decreasing trend -3.45 0.48 -3.29 to -3.61

For natural reefs, percent live cover decreased by an average of 3.45% per year.

Map showing location of oyster percent live sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of oyster percent live sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Shell Height

Natural

Model results for Oyster Shell Height - Natural
Shell Type SizeClass Habitat Type Trend Status Estimate Standard Error Credible Interval
Dead Oyster Shells Natural - - - -
Live Oysters Natural - - - -
Live Oysters >75mm Natural - - - -
Live Oysters 25-75mm Natural No significant change 1.52 0.95 -0.16 to 3.54

For natural reefs, annual average live oyster shell height in the 25-75mm size class increased by 1.52 mm per year, and there was insufficient data to calculate a trend for live oysters in the ≥75mm size class.

Map showing location of oyster shell height sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of oyster shell height sampling locations within the boundaries of Indian River-Malabar to Vero Beach Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Species list

Caulerpa1 Halophila engelmannii1 Thalassia testudinum1
Drift algae1 Halophila johnsonii1 Total SAV1
Halodule wrightii1 Ruppia maritima1 Total seagrass1
Halophila decipiens1 Syringodium filiforme1 Caulerpa1

1 - Submerged Aquatic Vegetation

References

1.
Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS) - Division of Aquaculture. Shellfish Harvest Area Classification Program. (2022).
2.
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). Florida STORET / WIN. (2024).
3.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC); Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI). Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network. (2018).
4.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX. (2023).
5.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Water; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); National Estuary Program (NEP); coastal states. National Aquatic Resource Surveys, National Coastal Condition Assessment. (2021).
6.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC). Fisheries-Independent Monitoring (FIM) Program. (2022).
7.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Research and Development. Environmental Monitoring Assessment Program. (2004).
8.
Volusia County (Florida); Marine Discovery Center. Lagoon Watch (Formerly Marine Discovery Center). (2023).
9.
St. Johns River Water Management District (SJRWMD). Seagrass (SJRWMD). (2023).
10.
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP); Office of Resilience and Coastal Protection (RCP); Indian River Lagoon Aquatic Preserves. Indian River Lagoon Aquatic Preserves Continuous Water Quality Monitoring. (2008).