Funding & Acknowledgements

The data used in this analysis is from the Export Standardized Tables in the SEACAR Data Discovery Interface (DDI). Documents and information available through the SEACAR DDI are owned by the data provider(s) and users are expected to provide appropriate credit following accepted citation formats. Users are encouraged to access data to maximize utilization of gained knowledge, reducing redundant research and facilitating partnerships and scientific innovation.

With respect to documents and information available from SEACAR DDI, neither the State of Florida nor the Florida Department of Environmental Protection makes any warranty, expressed or implied, including the warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose arising out of the use or inability to use the data, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights.

This report was funded in part, through a grant agreement from the Florida Department of Environmental Protection, Florida Coastal Management Program, by a grant provided by the Office for Coastal Management under the Coastal Zone Management Act of 1972, as amended, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. The views, statements, findings, conclusions and recommendations expressed herein are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the State of Florida, NOAA or any of their sub agencies.

Published: 2026-06-10

Threshold Filtering

Threshold filters, following the guidance of Florida Department of Environmental Protection’s (FDEP) Division of Environmental Assessment and Restoration (DEAR) are used to exclude specific results values from the SEACAR Analysis. Based on the threshold filters, Quality Assurance / Quality Control (QAQC) Flags are inserted into the SEACAR_QAQCFlagCode and SEACAR_QAQC_Description columns of the export data. The Include column indicates whether the QAQC Flag will also indicate that data are excluded from analysis. No data are excluded from the data export, but the analysis scripts can use the Include column to exclude data (1 to include, 0 to exclude).

Continuous Water Quality threshold values
Parameter Name Units Low Threshold High Threshold
Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin ug/L - -
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L -0.000001 50
Dissolved Oxygen Saturation % -0.000001 500
Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter QSE - -
Salinity ppt -0.000001 70
Specific Conductivity mS/cm -0.000001 200
Turbidity NTU -0.000001 4000
Water Temperature Degrees C -5.000000 45
pH None 2.000000 14
Discrete Water Quality threshold values
Parameter Name Units Low Threshold High Threshold
Ammonia, Un-ionized (NH3) mg/L - -
Ammonium (NH4) mg/L - -
Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin ug/L - -
Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin ug/L - -
Colored Dissolved Organic Matter PCU - -
Dissolved Oxygen mg/L -0.000001 25
Dissolved Oxygen Saturation % -0.000001 310
Fluorescent Dissolved Organic Matter QSE - -
Light Extinction Coefficient m^-1 - -
NO2+3, Filtered mg/L - -
Nitrate (NO3) mg/L - -
Nitrite (NO2) mg/L - -
Nitrogen, inorganic mg/L - -
Nitrogen, organic mg/L - -
Phosphate, Filtered (PO4) mg/L - -
Salinity ppt -0.000001 70
Secchi Depth m 0.000001 50
Specific Conductivity mS/cm 0.005000 100
Total Ammonia (N) mg/L - -
Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen mg/L - -
Total Nitrogen mg/L - -
Total Nitrogen mg/L - -
Total Phosphorus mg/L - -
Total Suspended Solids mg/L - -
Turbidity NTU - -
Water Temperature Degrees C 3.000000 40
pH None 2.000000 13
Quality Assurance Flags inserted based on threshold checks listed in Table 1 and 2
SEACAR QAQC Description Include SEACAR QAQCFlagCode
Exceeds maximum threshold 0 2Q
Below minimum threshold 0 4Q
Within threshold tolerance 1 6Q
No defined thresholds for this parameter 1 7Q

Value Qualifiers

Value qualifier codes included within the data are used to exclude certain results from the analysis. The data are retained in the data export files, but the analysis uses the Include column to filter the results.

STORET and WIN value qualifier codes

Value qualifier codes from STORET and WIN data are examined with the database and used to populate the Include column in data exports.

Value Qualifier codes excluded from analysis
Qualifier Source Value Qualifier Include MDL Description
STORET-WIN H 0 0 Value based on field kit determination; results may not be accurate
STORET-WIN J 0 0 Estimated value
STORET-WIN V 0 0 Analyte was detected at or above method detection limit
STORET-WIN Y 0 0 Lab analysis from an improperly preserved sample; data may be inaccurate

Discrete Water Quality Value Qualifiers

The following value qualifiers are highlighted in the Discrete Water Quality section of this report. An exception is made for Program 476 - Charlotte Harbor Estuaries Volunteer Water Quality Monitoring Network and data flagged with Value Qualifier H are included for this program only.

H - Value based on field kit determiniation; results may not be accurate. This code shall be used if a field screening test (e.g., field gas chromatograph data, immunoassay, or vendor-supplied field kit) was used to generate the value and the field kit or method has not been recognized by the Department as equivalent to laboratory methods.

I - The reported value is greater than or equal to the laboratory method detection limit but less than the laboratory practical quantitation limit.

Q - Sample held beyond the accepted holding time. This code shall be used if the value is derived from a sample that was prepared or analyzed after the approved holding time restrictions for sample preparation or analysis.

S - Secchi disk visible to bottom of waterbody. The value reported is the depth of the waterbody at the location of the Secchi disk measurement.

U - Indicates that the compound was analyzed for but not detected. This symbol shall be used to indicate that the specified component was not detected. The value associated with the qualifier shall be the laboratory method detection limit. Unless requested by the client, less than the method detection limit values shall not be reported

Systemwide Monitoring Program (SWMP) value qualifier codes

Value qualifier codes from the SWMP continuous program are examined with the database and used to populate the Include column in data exports. SWMP Qualifier Codes are indicated by QualifierSource=SWMP.

SWMP Value Qualifier codes
Qualifier Source Value Qualifier Include Description
SWMP -1 1 Optional parameter not collected
SWMP -2 0 Missing data
SWMP -3 0 Data rejected due to QA/QC
SWMP -4 0 Outside low sensor range
SWMP -5 0 Outside high sensor range
SWMP 0 1 Passed initial QA/QC checks
SWMP 1 0 Suspect data
SWMP 2 1 Reserved for future use
SWMP 3 1 Calculated data: non-vented depth/level sensorcorrection for changes in barometric pressure
SWMP 4 1 Historical: Pre-auto QA/QC
SWMP 5 1 Corrected data

Water Column

The water column habitat extends from the water’s surface to the bottom sediments, and it’s where fish, dolphins, crabs and people swim! So much life makes its home in the water column that the health of marine and coastal ecosystems, as well as human economies, depend on the condition of this vulnerable habitat. Local patterns of rainfall, temperature, winds and currents can rapidly change the condition of the water column, while global influences such as El Niño/La Niña, large-scale fluctuation in sea temperatures and climate change can have long-term effects. Inputs from the prosperity of our day-to-day lives including farming, mining and forestry, and emissions from power generation, automobiles and water treatment can also alter the health of the water column. Acting alone or together, each input can have complex and lasting effects on habitats and ecosystems.


SEACAR evaluates water column health with several essential parameters. These include nutrient surveys of nitrogen and phosphorus, and water quality assessments of salinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, and water temperature. Water clarity is evaluated with Secchi depth, turbidity, levels of chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, and colored dissolved organic matter. Additionally, the richness of nekton is indicated by the abundance of free-swimming fishes and macroinvertebrates like crabs and shrimps.

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Analysis

Indicators must have a minimum of five to ten years, depending on the habitat, of data within the geographic range of the analysis to be included in the analysis. Ten years of data are required for discrete parameters, and five years of data are required for continuous parameters. If there are insufficient years of data, the number of years of data available will be noted and labeled as “insufficient data to conduct analysis”. Further, for the preferred Seasonal Kendall-Tau test, there must be data from at least two months in common across at least two consecutive years within the RCP managed area being analyzed. Values that pass both of these tests will be included in the analysis and be labeled as Use_In_Analysis = TRUE. Any that fail either test will be excluded from the analyses and labeled as Use_In_Analysis = FALSE. The points for all Water Column plots displayed in this section are monthly averages. Trend significance will be denoted as “Significant Trend” (when p < 0.05), or “Non-significant Trend” (when p >= 0.05). Any parameters with insufficient data to perform Seasonal Kendall-Tau test will have their monthly averages plotted without a corresponding trend line.

Water Quality - Discrete

The following files were used in the discrete analysis:

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Chlorophyll_a_corrected_for_pheophytin-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Chlorophyll_a_uncorrected_for_pheophytin-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Colored_dissolved_organic_matter_CDOM-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Dissolved_Oxygen-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Dissolved_Oxygen_Saturation-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_pH-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Salinity-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Secchi_Depth-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Total_Nitrogen-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Total_Phosphorus-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Total_Suspended_Solids_TSS-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Turbidity-2026-May-18.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_Water_Temperature-2026-May-18.txt

Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, corrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, corrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Lab No detectable trend 639 15 2002 - 2025 3.7 0.0914 2.9508 0.043 0.1463

Chlorophyll a, corrected for pheophytin, showed no detectable trend between 2002 and 2025.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Chlorophyll a, Corrected for Pheophytin
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
354 583 2012 2025
5002 68 2002 2021

Program names:

354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2

Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, uncorrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average levels of chlorophyll a, uncorrected for pheophytin, over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only laboratory-analyzed chlorophyll a (triangles) is included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Lab Increasing trend 2173 30 1994 - 2025 3.6567 0.2738 3.2739 0.0745 0

Monthly average chlorophyll a, uncorrected for pheophytin, increased by 0.07 µg/L per year, indicating a decrease in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Chlorophyll a, Uncorrected for Pheophytin
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
509 1512 1994 2008
354 583 2012 2025
5002 72 2001 2021
514 15 2001 2001
118 1 2010 2010
103 1 2015 2015

Program names:

509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
514 - Florida LAKEWATCH Program4
118 - National Aquatic Resource Surveys, National Coastal Condition Assessment5
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX6

Dissolved Oxygen - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only dissolved oxygen values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only dissolved oxygen values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Dissolved Oxygen
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Field Decreasing trend 10119 35 1989 - 2025 5.8 -0.077 5.9538 -0.0114 0.0498

Monthly average dissolved oxygen decreased by 0.01 mg/L per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Dissolved Oxygen
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 4215 1989 2025
509 3024 1994 2008
4043 2478 1999 2020
95 390 1997 2018
354 325 2016 2023
118 10 2015 2021
103 2 2015 2015

Program names:

5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
4043 - RBNERR Fish Assessment7
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network8
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1
118 - National Aquatic Resource Surveys, National Coastal Condition Assessment5
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX6

pH - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only pH values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only pH values measured in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for pH
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Field Decreasing trend 4301 36 1956 - 2025 7.9 -0.237 8.1834 -0.008 0

Monthly average pH decreased by 0.01 pH units per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for pH
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 3114 1989 2025
509 748 2001 2008
354 479 2016 2025
95 395 1956 2018
103 4 2015 2015

Program names:

5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network8
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX6

Salinity - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines are also shown. Discrete salinity values derived from grab samples analyzed in the field (circles) or the laboratory (triangles) are both included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines are also shown. Discrete salinity values derived from grab samples analyzed in the field (circles) or the laboratory (triangles) are both included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Salinity
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
All No detectable trend 10478 45 1956 - 2025 32 -0.0049 31.3225 -0.002 0.94

Salinity showed no detectable trend between 1956 and 2025.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Salinity
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 4401 1989 2025
509 3026 1994 2008
4043 2538 1999 2020
95 532 1956 2018
354 521 2012 2025

Program names:

5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
4043 - RBNERR Fish Assessment7
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network8
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1

Total Nitrogen - Discrete

Total Nitrogen Calculation:

The logic for calculated Total Nitrogen was provided by Kevin O’Donnell and colleagues at FDEP (with the help of Jay Silvanima, Watershed Monitoring Section). The following logic is used, in this order, based on the availability of specific nitrogen components.

  1. TN = TKN + NO3O2;
  2. TN = TKN + NO3 + NO2;
  3. TN = ORGN + NH4 + NO3O2;
  4. TN = ORGN + NH4 + NO2 + NO3;
  5. TN = TKN + NO3;
  6. TN = ORGN + NH4 + NO3;

Additional Information:

  • Rules for use of sample fraction:
    • Florida Department of Environmental Protection (FDEP) report that if both “Total” and “Dissolved” components are reported, only “Total” is used. If the total is not reported, then the dissolved components are used as a best available replacement.
    • Total nitrogen calculations are done using nitrogen components with the same sample fraction, nitrogen components with mixed total/dissolved sample fractions are not used. In other words, total nitrogen can be calculated when TKN and NO3O2 are both total sample fractions, or when both are dissolved sample fractions. Future calculations of total nitrogen values may be based on components with mixed sample fractions.
  • Values inserted into data:
    • ParameterName = “Total Nitrogen”
    • SEACAR_QAQCFlagCode = “1Q”
    • SEACAR_QAQC_Description = “SEACAR Calculated”

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average total nitrogen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only nitrogen values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average total nitrogen over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only nitrogen values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Total Nitrogen
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Lab Increasing trend 2023 32 1989 - 2025 0.3864 0.1315 0.3744 0.0037 0.0024

Monthly average total nitrogen increased by less than 0.01 mg/L per year.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Total Nitrogen
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
509 1512 1994 2008
5002 325 1989 2025
354 158 2012 2017
514 35 2001 2001
103 1 2015 2015

Program names:

509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1
514 - Florida LAKEWATCH Program4
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX6

Total Phosphorus - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average total phosphorus over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only phosphorus values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average total phosphorus over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only phosphorus values obtained from laboratory analyses (triangles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Total Phosphorus
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Lab No detectable trend 2407 32 1989 - 2025 0.0435 0.0805 0.0431 0.0001 0.0505

Total phosphorus showed no detectable trend between 1989 and 2025.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Total Phosphorus
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
509 1499 1994 2008
354 589 2012 2025
5002 305 1989 2025
514 31 2001 2001
103 1 2015 2015

Program names:

509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1
5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
514 - Florida LAKEWATCH Program4
103 - EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX6

Turbidity - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only turbidity values measured in the laboratory (triangles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only turbidity values measured in the laboratory (triangles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Turbidity
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Lab Increasing trend 4677 31 1989 - 2025 4 0.1565 4.5964 0.0779 0.0005

Monthly average turbidity increased by 0.08 NTU per year, indicating a decrease in water clarity.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Turbidity
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 3174 1989 2025
509 1510 1994 2008
354 207 2002 2006

Program names:

5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1

Water Temperature - Discrete

Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis

Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only water temperature measurements taken in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time. If the time series included ten or more years of discrete observations, a significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend line is also shown. Only water temperature measurements taken in the field (circles) are included in the plot.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Trend Analysis for Water Temperature
Activity Type Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
Field No detectable trend 10694 43 1956 - 2025 26.8 0.0628 26.2463 0.0113 0.0788

Water temperature showed no detectable trend between 1956 and 2025.

Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of discrete water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Programs contributing data for Water Temperature
ProgramID N_Data YearMin YearMax
5002 4614 1989 2025
509 3026 1994 2008
4043 2532 1999 2020
354 489 2012 2025
95 482 1956 2018

Program names:

5002 - Florida STORET / WIN2
509 - SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network3
4043 - RBNERR Fish Assessment7
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1
95 - Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network8

Water Quality - Continuous

The following files were used in the continuous analysis:

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Chlorophyll_a_Uncorrected_for_Pheophytin-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Dissolved_Oxygen-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Dissolved_Oxygen_Saturation-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Fluorescent_Dissolved_Organic_Matter-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_pH-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Salinity-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Specific_Conductivity-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Turbidity-2026-Mar-06.txt

  • Combined_WQ_WC_NUT_cont_Water_Temperature-2026-Mar-06.txt

Continuous monitoring locations in Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve

Station overview for Continuous parameters by Program
ProgramID ProgramLocationID Years of Data Use in Analysis Parameters
7 255123081321300 8 TRUE Specific Conductivity
7 255123081321300 11 TRUE Water Temperature, Salinity
7 255138081321701 10 TRUE Water Temperature , Salinity , Specific Conductivity
7 255432081303900 17 TRUE Specific Conductivity
7 255432081303900 21 TRUE Water Temperature, Salinity
7 255443081314700 5 FALSE Water Temperature, Salinity
7 255532081314300 3 FALSE Water Temperature, Salinity
7 255534081324000 17 TRUE Specific Conductivity
7 255534081324000 20 TRUE Water Temperature, Salinity
7 255654081350200 17 TRUE Specific Conductivity
7 255654081350200 20 TRUE Water Temperature, Salinity
7 255732081363700 5 TRUE Water Temperature, Salinity
354 rkbfbwq 25 TRUE pH , Dissolved Oxygen Saturation, Dissolved Oxygen , Turbidity , Water Temperature , Salinity , Specific Conductivity
354 rkbfuwq 25 TRUE pH , Dissolved Oxygen Saturation, Dissolved Oxygen , Turbidity , Water Temperature , Salinity , Specific Conductivity
354 rkbmbwq 27 TRUE pH , Dissolved Oxygen Saturation, Dissolved Oxygen , Turbidity , Water Temperature , Salinity , Specific Conductivity
354 rkbpbwq 11 TRUE pH , Dissolved Oxygen Saturation, Dissolved Oxygen , Turbidity , Water Temperature , Salinity , Specific Conductivity

Program names:

7 - National Water Information System9
354 - Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program1

Map showing continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. Sites marked as Use In Analysis (green) are featured in this report.
Map showing continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. Sites marked as Use In Analysis (green) are featured in this report.

pH - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average pH over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for pH - All Stations
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
rkbfbwq No significant trend 670684 25 2002 - 2026 7.8 0.05 7.83 0 0.21
rkbfuwq No significant trend 689115 25 2002 - 2026 7.7 0.02 7.72 0 0.61
rkbmbwq Significantly decreasing trend 727383 27 2000 - 2026 7.7 -0.10 7.70 0 0.02
rkbpbwq No significant trend 328113 11 2016 - 2026 7.8 0.13 7.80 0 0.08

At one program location, monthly average pH decreased by less than 0.01 pH units per year. No detectable change in monthly average pH was observed at three locations.

Dissolved Oxygen Saturation - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Dissolved Oxygen Saturation - All Stations
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
rkbfbwq No significant trend 608215 23 2002 - 2026 79.0 0.04 78.81 0.04 0.43
rkbfuwq Significantly decreasing trend 636774 22 2002 - 2026 72.6 -0.20 76.84 -0.17 0.00
rkbmbwq Significantly decreasing trend 663443 24 2000 - 2026 65.3 -0.21 73.13 -0.24 0.00
rkbpbwq No significant trend 336249 11 2016 - 2026 72.7 -0.13 77.96 -0.28 0.08

At two program locations, monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation decreased by 0.17% per year at one site and by 0.24% per year at the other. No detectable change in monthly average dissolved oxygen saturation was observed at two locations.

Dissolved Oxygen - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average dissolved oxygen over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Dissolved Oxygen - All Stations
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
rkbfbwq No significant trend 603909 23 2002 - 2026 5.4 -0.02 5.19 0.00 0.62
rkbfuwq Significantly decreasing trend 636515 22 2002 - 2026 5.1 -0.29 5.26 -0.02 0.00
rkbmbwq Significantly decreasing trend 657119 24 2000 - 2026 4.4 -0.24 4.90 -0.02 0.00
rkbpbwq No significant trend 332812 11 2016 - 2026 4.9 -0.14 5.22 -0.02 0.08

At two program locations, monthly average dissolved oxygen decreased by 0.02 mg/L per year. No detectable change in monthly average dissolved oxygen was observed at two locations.

Turbidity - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average turbidity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Turbidity - All Stations
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
rkbfbwq Significantly decreasing trend 682915 25 2002 - 2026 7 -0.40 11.30 -0.23 0
rkbfuwq Significantly decreasing trend 657778 25 2002 - 2026 6 -0.19 8.57 -0.08 0
rkbmbwq Significantly decreasing trend 714237 27 2000 - 2026 9 -0.24 12.56 -0.14 0
rkbpbwq Significantly decreasing trend 331299 11 2016 - 2026 9 -0.31 13.47 -0.37 0

At four program locations, monthly average turbidity decreased between 0.08 and 0.37 NTU per year.

Water Temperature - Continuous - Program 7

Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Water Temperature - Program 7
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
255123081321300 No significant trend 1818 8 2007 - 2017 27.3 0.1 26.46 0.03 0.38
255138081321701 No significant trend 3005 10 2017 - 2026 27.0 0.02 26.85 0.01 0.92
255432081303900 Significantly increasing trend 6527 20 2006 - 2026 27.0 0.17 26.18 0.05 0
255443081314700 Insufficient data to calculate trend 2011 4 2007 - 2011 29.3 - - - -
255532081314300 Insufficient data to calculate trend 906 3 2009 - 2011 29.3 - - - -
255534081324000 Significantly increasing trend 6225 19 2007 - 2026 26.6 0.14 25.55 0.03 0.01
255654081350200 Significantly increasing trend 6222 19 2007 - 2026 26.7 0.11 26.33 0.03 0.03
255732081363700 No significant trend 1435 5 2011 - 2015 28.4 0.24 27.3 0.23 0.11

At six program locations, monthly average water temperature increased between 0.03 and 0.06°C per year. No detectable change in monthly average water temperature was observed at four locations. There was insufficient data to fit a model for two locations.

Water Temperature - Continuous - Program 354

Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average water temperature over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Water Temperature - Program 354
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
rkbfbwq Significantly increasing trend 719021 25 2002 - 2026 27.0 0.22 26.16 0.04 0.00
rkbfuwq Significantly increasing trend 727501 25 2002 - 2026 26.9 0.26 26.03 0.06 0.00
rkbmbwq Significantly increasing trend 762033 27 2000 - 2026 26.8 0.25 26.04 0.04 0.00
rkbpbwq No significant trend 337833 11 2016 - 2026 27.4 0.05 26.96 0.02 0.55

At six program locations, monthly average water temperature increased between 0.03 and 0.06°C per year. No detectable change in monthly average water temperature was observed at four locations. There was insufficient data to fit a model for two locations.

Map showing location of water temperature continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of water temperature continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Salinity - Continuous - Program 7

Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Salinity - Program 7
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
255123081321300 Significantly decreasing trend 1809 8 2007 - 2017 32 -0.23 35.11 -0.44 0.02
255138081321701 Significantly increasing trend 2986 10 2017 - 2026 32 0.17 29.33 0.31 0.03
255432081303900 No significant trend 6468 20 2006 - 2026 22 -0.08 26.67 -0.1 0.11
255443081314700 Insufficient data to calculate trend 1465 4 2007 - 2011 32 - - - -
255532081314300 Insufficient data to calculate trend 902 3 2009 - 2011 31 - - - -
255534081324000 No significant trend 6162 19 2007 - 2026 32 -0.04 33.56 -0.06 0.36
255654081350200 No significant trend 6183 19 2007 - 2026 32 -0.04 33.07 -0.04 0.36
255732081363700 No significant trend 1434 5 2011 - 2015 34 0.25 32.15 0.52 0.1

At one program location, monthly average salinity increased by 0.31 ppt per year. At two program locations, monthly average salinity decreased by 0.06 ppt per year at one site and by 0.44 ppt per year at the other. No detectable change in monthly average salinity was observed at seven locations. There was insufficient data to fit a model for two locations.

Salinity - Continuous - Program 354

Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average salinity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Salinity - Program 354
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
rkbfbwq No significant trend 703182 25 2002 - 2026 29.9 0.04 30.80 0.03 0.34
rkbfuwq No significant trend 717069 25 2002 - 2026 26.3 0.01 27.82 0.01 0.79
rkbmbwq Significantly decreasing trend 736129 27 2000 - 2026 33.3 -0.10 34.78 -0.06 0.02
rkbpbwq No significant trend 333127 11 2016 - 2026 30.5 0.14 29.94 0.23 0.06

At one program location, monthly average salinity increased by 0.31 ppt per year. At two program locations, monthly average salinity decreased by 0.06 ppt per year at one site and by 0.44 ppt per year at the other. No detectable change in monthly average salinity was observed at seven locations. There was insufficient data to fit a model for two locations.

Map showing location of salinity continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of salinity continuous water quality sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Specific Conductivity - Continuous

Scatter plot of monthly average specific conductivity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Scatter plot of monthly average specific conductivity over time at continuously monitored program locations. Each location is analyzed separately, with significant (blue) or non-significant (magenta) trend lines shown for time series that included five or more years of observations.
Seasonal Kendall-Tau Results for Specific Conductivity - All Stations
Program Location Statistical Trend No. of Samples No. Years with Data Period of Record Median Result Value Tau Sen Intercept Sen Slope P
255123081321300 No significant trend 1295 6 2010 - 2017 49.10 -0.20 53.63 -1.03 0.20
255138081321701 Significantly increasing trend 2986 10 2017 - 2026 48.30 0.18 45.21 0.36 0.02
255432081303900 No significant trend 5512 17 2010 - 2026 34.40 -0.03 31.28 -0.08 0.61
255534081324000 No significant trend 5509 17 2010 - 2026 48.60 0.04 48.14 0.08 0.43
255654081350200 No significant trend 5547 17 2010 - 2026 48.60 0.03 47.21 0.03 0.56
rkbfbwq No significant trend 703174 25 2002 - 2026 46.07 0.04 47.30 0.05 0.33
rkbfuwq No significant trend 717061 25 2002 - 2026 41.17 0.01 43.06 0.02 0.77
rkbmbwq Significantly decreasing trend 736129 27 2000 - 2026 50.83 -0.09 52.37 -0.08 0.02
rkbpbwq No significant trend 333114 11 2016 - 2026 47.03 0.13 46.12 0.31 0.07

At one program location, monthly average specific conductivity increased by 0.36 mS/cm per year. At one program location, monthly average specific conductivity decreased by 0.08 mS/cm per year. No detectable change in monthly average specific conductivity was observed at seven locations.

Nekton

The data file used is: All_NEKTON_Parameters-2026-Jun-04.txt

Bar graph(s) of annual average nekton richness over time for species groups occurring in at least 1% of samples. The bar colors represent species groups including bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes, decapod crustaceans (e.g., shrimps, crabs, and lobsters), and cephalopods (e.g., squid). Gear types and sizes are indicated in the panel label.
Bar graph(s) of annual average nekton richness over time for species groups occurring in at least 1% of samples. The bar colors represent species groups including bony fishes, cartilaginous fishes, decapod crustaceans (e.g., shrimps, crabs, and lobsters), and cephalopods (e.g., squid). Gear types and sizes are indicated in the panel label.
Nekton Species Richness
Gear Type No. of Samples No. of Years with Data Period of Record Median No. of Taxa Mean No. of Taxa
Trawl (6.1 m) 5002 20 1999 - 2020 0.4 0.67

The median annual number of taxa was 0.40 based on 5,002 observations collected by 6.1-meter trawl between 1999 and 2020.

Map showing location of nekton sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.
Map showing location of nekton sampling locations within the boundaries of Cape Romano-Ten Thousand Islands Aquatic Preserve. The bubble size on the maps above reflect the amount of data available at each sampling site.

Species list

Acanthostracion quadricornis1 Etropus crossotus1 Mugil cephalus1
Achirus lineatus1 Eucinostomus spp.1 Mugil spp.1
Albula vulpes1 Eugerres plumieri1 Mycteroperca microlepis1
Aluterus schoepfii1 Floridichthys carpio1 Myrophis punctatus1
Anarchopterus criniger1 Ginglymostoma cirratum1 Nicholsina usta1
Anchoa spp.1 Gobiesox strumosus1 Ogcocephalus cubifrons1
Ancylopsetta quadrocellata1 Gobionellus oceanicus1 Ogilbia cayorum1
Archosargus probatocephalus1 Gobiosoma bosc1 Oligoplites saurus1
Archosargus rhomboidalis1 Gobiosoma robustum1 Opisthonema oglinum1
Ariopsis felis1 Gunterichthys longipenis1 Opsanus beta1
Bagre marinus1 Gymnura micrura1 Orthopristis chrysoptera1
Bairdiella chrysoura1 Harengula jaguana1 Paralichthys albigutta1
Brevoortia smithi1 Hippocampus erectus1 Penaeus spp.1
Brevoortia spp.1 Hippocampus zosterae1 Pogonias cromis1
Calamus arctifrons1 Hoplosternum littorale1 Prionotus scitulus1
Callinectes sapidus1 Hypanus americanus1 Prionotus tribulus1
Caranx spp.1 Hypanus sabinus1 Rachycentron canadum1
Centropomus undecimalis1 Hypostomus plecostomus1 Rhinoptera bonasus1
Chaetodipterus faber1 Hypsoblennius hentz1 Sciaenops ocellatus1
Chasmodes saburrae1 Lagodon rhomboides1 Scorpaena brasiliensis1
Chilomycterus schoepfii1 Leiostomus xanthurus1 Selene vomer1
Chloroscombrus chrysurus1 Lepomis spp.1 Serraniculus pumilio1
Cichlidae spp.1 Leptocephalus larvae1 Sphoeroides nephelus1
Citharichthys macrops1 Lophogobius cyprinoides1 Sphoeroides spengleri1
Citharichthys spilopterus1 Lucania parva1 Stephanolepis hispida1
Clupeidae1 Lutjanus analis1 Symphurus plagiusa1
Ctenogobius boleosoma1 Lutjanus griseus1 Syngnathus louisianae1
Ctenogobius smaragdus1 Lutjanus synagris1 Syngnathus scovelli1
Cynoscion arenarius1 Menippe mercenaria1 Synodus foetens1
Cynoscion nebulosus1 Menticirrhus spp.1 Trachinotus falcatus1
Diplectrum formosum1 Microgobius gulosus1 Trinectes maculatus1
Echeneis neucratoides1 Microgobius thalassinus1 Urophycis floridana1
Elops saurus1 Micropterus salmoides1 Acanthostracion quadricornis1
Epinephelus itajara1 Monacanthus ciliatus1 Achirus lineatus1

1 - Nekton

References

1.
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP); Office of Resilience and Coastal Protection (RCP); Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve System-Wide Monitoring Program. (2024).
2.
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP). Florida STORET / WIN. (2024).
3.
Florida International University (FIU); Southeastern Environmental Research Program. SERC Water Quality Monitoring Network. (2008).
4.
University of Florida (UF); Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences. Florida LAKEWATCH Program. (2024).
5.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); Office of Water; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA); U.S. Geological Survey (USGS); U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS); National Estuary Program (NEP); coastal states. National Aquatic Resource Surveys, National Coastal Condition Assessment. (2021).
6.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). EPA STOrage and RETrieval Data Warehouse (STORET)/WQX. (2023).
7.
Florida Department of Environmental Protection (DEP); Office of Resilience and Coastal Protection (RCP); Rookery Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve. RBNERR Fish Assessment. (2023).
8.
Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC); Florida Fish and Wildlife Research Institute (FWRI). Harmful Algal Bloom Marine Observation Network. (2018).
9.
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). National Water Information System. (2024).